Waking Times: 4 Things You Should Know About Your ‘Third Eye’
July 24, 2013 | Alternet | Scott Thill
We still lack a complete understanding of the pineal gland — but that doesn’t stop us from speculating.
Located in nearly the direct center of the brain, the tiny pinecone-shaped pineal gland, which habitually secretes the wondrous neurohormone melatonin while we sleep at night, was once thought to be a vestigial leftover from a lower evolutionary state.
Indeed, according to recent research, we could be increasing our
chances of contracting chronic illnesses like cancer by unnecessarily
bathing its evenings in
artificial light,
working night shifts or staying up too late. By disrupting the pineal gland and melatonin’s
chronobiological connection
to Earth’s rotational 24-hour light and dark cycle, known as
its circadian rhythm, we’re possibly opening the doors not to
perception, but to disease and disorder. A recently published study from
Vanderbilt University has found associations between
circadian disruption and heart disease, diabetes and obesity.
By hacking what
pinealophiles call
our mind’s third eye with
an always-on technoculture transmitting globally at light-speed, we may
have disadvantaged our genetic ability to ward off all manner of
complicated nightmares. No wonder the pineal gland is a pop-culture
staple for sci-fi, fantasy and horror fandom, as well as a mass
attractor of mystics and mentalists. Its powers to divide and merge our
light and dark lives only seems to grow the more we take it seriously.
“We still lack a complete understanding of the pineal gland,”
University of Michigan professor of physiology and neurology Jimo
Borjigin, a pioneer in medical visualization of the pineal gland’s
melatonin secretion, told me. “Numerous molecules are found in the
pineal, many of which are uniquely found at night, and we do not have a
good idea of what their functions are. The only function that is
established beyond doubt is the melatonin synthesis and secretion at
night, which is controlled by the central clock in the
suprachiasmatic nucleus and modulated by light. All else is speculative.”
Discerning between the science and speculation of the pineal gland
hasn’t been easy since long before Rene Descartes called it the
“principal seat of the soul” after studying it at length nearly four
centuries ago. (Although “no evidence exists to support this,” clarified
Borjigin.) So here’s a handy shortlist of things you should know about
the pineal gland.
1. Third Eyes and Theosophistry
The current scientific understanding is that the
pineal gland probably started out as an eye,
and it receives signals from light and our retinas. Whether it was our
only eye which shrunk into the brain once its perceptive tasks were
taken care of by our two newer eyes, or whether it was a third eye with a
spiritual and physical connection to previous spiritual and
evolutionary states, or both, has galvanized science and speculation for
centuries.
Earth’s ancient cultural histories are filled with folklore featuring
both one-eyed and three-eyed beings of great power, from Shiva and
Cyclops to that amiable fellow in
The Twilight Zone‘s classic episode, “
Will the Real Martian Please Stand Up?” and beyond. (
From Beyond even:
See below.) Associations can be found in Hinduism, whose seventh
primary chakra Sahasara is a multilayered lotus that looks like the
pineal gland’s pinecone, and whose primary function is to perceive
universal oneness, scientifically and spiritually
speaking. Theosophists, who have been studying what they perceive as
hidden knowledge since the Greeks and Romans ruled philosophical and
scientific inquiry, have more recently claimed that the pineal gland is
the spiritual engine of our evolution into “
embryo gods, beings of consciousness and matter.”
That description seems apt, given the astronomical power we have achieved in a few million yeas of evolution. While
Homo sapiens‘
third eyes likely transformed into pineal glands along the way, today
we can still find animals with photoreceptive third eyes, now
called parietal eyes, like New Zealand’s endangered
tuatara.
Fossils from other ancient creatures feature similar sockets in their
skulls, making our pineal gland a candidate for an ex-eye.
2. What Was Once Hidden Is Now Hi-Res
Michigan University professor Borjigin and his team are hard at work on how the pineal gland and melatonin regulate our lives.
“The central
circadian clock controls timing of
almost all aspects of our life, including physiology and behavior, and
melatonin is the best marker to decode the fingerprints of circadian
timing in both humans and animals,” he told me. “In the past, it was
very difficult to study circadian properties of melatonin in animals due
to technical limitations. My lab invented long-term
pineal microdialysis,
which permits automated, computer-controlled and high-resolution
analysis of melatonin secretion from rodent pineal gland from four to 10
weeks in the same animal.”
These visualizations could go a long way toward understanding how to
hack melatonin, which the pineal gland secretes when we sleep and helps
the brain repair and sync our bodies to Earth’s rotation. Melatonin is a
stunning compound, found naturally in plants, animals and microbes. A
powerful antioxidant, its list of its medicinal uses only seems to grow
each year, as we learn more about its ability to help with immune
disorders, chronic illnesses, and neurodegeneration.
“Pineal microdialysis allows us to monitor melatonin secretion
closely under various conditions to simulate jet lag, shiftwork, light
pollution, diet manipulation and more to define the fingerprints of
circadian response to environment, he added. “It also allows us to
discover animals with extreme chronotypes, like early-birds or
night-owls, to understand how individuals with different chronotype
respond to circadian challenges differently. These are still ongoing
studies, but hopefully some of the works will be published this year.”
3. Artificial Light = Dark Future
What
has been recently published about melatonin is already
pretty significant, especially for those looking to combat breast and
prostate cancer. Harvard University School of Public Health researcher
Itai Kloog and his group published a series of studies in the last few
years explaining how our “modern urbanized sleeping habitat” (
PDF) is a massive hormone-based cancer risk. “
We have blotted out the night sky” with artificial light, wrote
Earth Island Journal‘s Holly Hayworth,” citing Kloog’s research and noting that half that light is wasted anyway.
“We’ve proven beyond a doubt that it’s a risk factor,” Kloog told me.
“Light at night has been proven on many levels, by our group and many
others, to definitely contribute to higher risk of developing hormonal
cancer.”
Kloog’s team published five studies altogether, including analyses at
local and global levels, and all of them found firm correlations
between circadian and melatonin disruption and higher risks of cancer.
Analyzing
NASA’s Defense Meteorological Satellite Program archive
(to illuminate Earth’s light-at-night coverage) and data from the World
Health Organization, Kloog’s group “found clearly that as women were
more exposed to light at nighttime, their rates of breast cancer went
up. Our Israel study found that going from minimum exposure to average
exposure to light at night resulted in a 36 percent higher standard rate
of breast cancer, and going from average to maximum was another 26
percent increase.”
Using kernel smoothing to create density maps showing light exposure
and cancer rates, Kloog’s team found that another of its studies, which
sourced more than 20,000 light sources by height and intensity, showed a
clear association. For their two worldwide studies, they developed an
algorithm to assign population weight average light exposure for every
person in every city across the world, using WHO data, and again they
found a clear association between cancer and light at night.
“For average light exposure per person, if you take an underdeveloped
country like Nepal, we’re talking about 0.02 nanowatts per centimeter
squared,” Kloog explained. “Compare that to the United States, where the
average light exposure of a person is 57.5. Up until around 120 years
ago, humans were basically exposed to 12 hours of sunlight and 12 hours
of darkness on average, seasons and latitudes permitting of course. But
since the invention of the lightbulb, we’ve artificially stretched the
day. We go to sleep late at night, we have lights on while we sleep, we
have a shorter sleep duration. We have a lot of factors stretching out
our days, relative to the light period we experienced during millions of
years of previous evolution.”
“It’s something that’s easy to take out of the equation,” Kloog told
me. “Go to sleep in a dark room. Use less light. Close the shutters.
Circadian disruption is carcinogenic to humans.”
4. Occult Classic
This is not to say that late-night viewing itself isn’t good for the
mind, especially when it comes to pineal glands and third eyes. Because
pineal glands and third eyes remain singular components of an otherwise
binary brain with an extraordinary past, they have stimulated some
stranger explorations of their spiritual and supernatural possibility.
The pineal gland’s circadian dualism has achieved particular resonance
with influential occultists like horror influential
H.P. Lovecraft.
Who, in turn, have spawned new generations of speculative talents that
have used it as a quite flexible receptacle for expansive meaning.
“My first exposure to the pineal gland came from Stuart Gordon’s movie adaptation of Lovecraft’s
From Beyond,” Javier Grillo-Marxuach, creator of the cult sci-fi television classic
The Middleman,
told AlterNet. “In truth, everything I know about that particular
endocrine body probably derives from that seminal experience, which
explains why I am a television writer and not a brain surgeon.”
In
From Beyond,
a supernaturally activated pineal gland turns mad scientists into
brain-eating zombies. The recently reissued 1957 exploitation film
She Devil features
a “female monster” whose hyperstimulated pineal gland turns her into ”a
demon, a devil, a creature with a warped soul!” In both films, and many
other
third-eye head-trips,
functions as a sexualized organ, rather than a circadian regulator.
Today, some use melatonin supplements, available since the ’90s, to aid
with sexual dysfunction. But the pineal gland’s expansive mythic and
scientific history has much broader applications when it comes to
folklore and entertainment.
“In
The Middleman, we quickly discovered that because this
most mysterious of glands is so misunderstood, even though its very name
connotes a certain frisson of scientific accuracy and technical
understanding, it was a fantastic shorthand for whatever otherworldly
qualities we needed to justify,” Grillo-Marxuach added. “Over the course
of 12 episodes, the pineal gland became the source of psychic ability,
communication between parallel dimensions, the magical influence of
succubi and incubi over the libidos of ordinary mortals and, finally,
the power source for our main supervillain’s armageddon device. Since
Stuart Gordon and H.P. Lovecraft gave me such a gift in my teenage years
by providing me with so fanciful an understanding of cerebral anatomy, I
figured I’d pay the favor forward as many times as possible.”
About the Author
Scott Thill runs the online mag Morphizm.com. His writing has appeared on Salon, XLR8R, All Music Guide, Wired and others.